[AI Ecosystem] Redesigning infrastructure: Why architecture determines performance
As AI workloads shift toward inference and agentic AI, system bottlenecks are moving from compute to data movement. The article notes that under processor-centric architectures, fetching data once from DRAM can consume 150 to 2,000 times the energy of a simple arithmetic operation, and over 90% of system energy in large machine learning models may be spent on memory access and data movement. It leads into SK hynix's vision of building a next-generation AI memory ecosystem, arguing that GPUs/NPUs/TPUs, memory, storage and networking should be co-designed as a single system.